Istat draws a map of theItaly Which is fragmented, with strong differences between North and South. An example, on life expectancy, which in Trento is equal to 84.7 years while in Campania it is 81.7, exactly three years. This and other data were presented by the Institute to the event on the state of implementation and the prospects of fiscal federalism.
According to the data illustrated by the Institute, between 2004 and 2024, the life expectancy at birth went from 80.7 to 83.4 years, with a more marked increase for men (from 77.9 to 81.4 years) compared to women (from 83.6 to 85.5 years).
How life expectations change
The autonomous provinces of Trento And Bolzano areas are confirmed with greater longevity, with a life expectancy respectively of 84.7 And 84.6 years. At the opposite extreme, Campania and Sicily remain in the queue with values of 81.7 and 82.1 years. A whole life conducted in Trento and Naples, therefore, has statistically a very different impact on a person.
The picture of the last twenty years highlights a clear disadvantage for the South compared to the center-north, with a tendency to expand the gaps.
Some cases are particularly significant:
- Calabria in 2004 was in line with the national average, but in 2024 he recorded a 1.1 -year disadvantage;
- In Sicily, however, the gap has passed from -0.6 years in 2004 to -1.3 years in 2024 compared to the national average.
Differences also for welfare
Finally, Istat indicates that the expenditure for territorial welfare also reflects these disparities. The expenditure pro-capita in the different areas of the country is distributed as follows:
- Mezzogiorno: 78 euros
- Islands: 144 euros
- Center: 165 euros
- North-West: 162 euros
- North-East: 207 euros
Growing GDP, but the north-south gap remains marked
Not only the age, to mark a furrow between North and South is above all the growth of the two macro areas. In 2023 the National GDP in volume grew by 0.7% compared to the previous year, a figure in line with the Italian average in the North-West, where the increase was precisely 0.7%. The growth was more sustained in the South (+1.5%), while it was more contained in the center (+0.3%) and in the north-east (+0.4%).
The Middle GDP per inhabitant in the north-west is equal to 44,700 euros, almost double compared to the South (23,900 euros) and 8,600 euros more than the national average, set at 36,100 euros.
In the rest of the country:
- In the north-east the figure stands at 42,500 euros;
- in the center it is equal to 38,600 euros;
- At the regional level, the highest value is recorded in the autonomous province of Bolzano with 59,800 euros;
- The minimum is in Calabria, stops at 21,000 euros.
Disparity in family income
Also the Available income of families shows strong dysomogeneity. In 2023, the national average was 22,400 euros per inhabitant. At the territorial level in the North-West, 26,300 euros were reached, while in the South we stopped at a much lower threshold, equal to 17,100 euros.
The redistributive intervention of the State determined an increase in the national average available income equal to 7.8% in 2023, corresponding to +1,734 euros per inhabitant. However, the redistributive effect varies significantly between the areas:
- In the South the increase affects 17.5% of the total income available;
- In the north-west it is 2.3%;
- higher in the north-east, equal to 4.7%;
- Finally the center with 7.1%
Male also in services for children and the elderly
The gap between territories is also reflected in accessing services. As for the places available in nursery schools every 100 children:
- In southern Italy there are just over 17;
- in the center 38.8;
- in the north-east 37.5;
- The North-West 35.
In socio-assistance and socio-health services, the beds every 10 thousand inhabitants are 37 in the South, against a national average of 69.1. The lowest level is recorded in Campania with 20.2, while the most Alo is from the autonomous province of Trento with 151.1.
