There are many financial instruments that allow you to secure assets from inflation or to generate profits.
However, Italians serve a poor financial literacy, which often translates into the loss of interesting opportunities. It is sometimes preferred to keep the money under the classic mattress, in its revisited version that corresponds to the current account or the deposit account of its bank, ignoring the fact that there are far more indicated tools also, possibly, in order to ensure a third party more wealthy through a pension fund.
Quifinance discussed it with the financial consultant Alberto ContiOf Contalbertainvest.comwho placed some still points and had a clean place of the clichés.
What savings tools advises for short, medium and long term goals?
The tools to be used are very different from each other and the decisive element in the choice is precisely thetime horizon. In the short -term (12-24 months) You can use bonds with short duration, possibly in euro currency and in the High Yield sector so that you can get better returns compared to bank deposits and Bot or PCT classics. In the medium term (3-5 years) You can orient yourself on the same tools, but integrating with extremely diversified equity funds for geographical areas and sectors. In the long -term (over 5 years) The “core” portfolio part should be made up of equity gestions, ETFs or mutual funds, and for private customers the non -listed alternative funds, Real Estate and other assets such as gold.
It is worth reiterating it: in the choice of financial instruments it is necessary to keep in mind the time horizon on which it is intended to operate, and it is essential that the investments are extremely diversified for geographical areas and sectors.
The management must be understood as a sort of container: in this perspective, if some elements prove to be negative, there will still be others of positives that will compensate. What matters is the final result. Never chase the fashion of the moment and never fix yourself on individual sectors.
Take, for example, the scope of sustainable investments which, compared to the objectives set, originally could undergo changes in relation to the deadlines in certain areas. European regulators, as in the case of automotive, do not always have perfectly the pulse of the situation as regards the functioning of the various production sectors. Sometimes they tend to believe that to change a production line, it is enough to legislate with strokes of regulations, when in reality these are processes that require years and massive investments.
State securities, like recent BTP value, are good investments?
These are long -term tools that I do not feel like demonizing: they can also prove to be useful, but only as long as they do not invest in them more than 10% of the capital you have available. In order to have a certain effectiveness, the government bonds must certainly be brought to expiry and not sold before.
What are the most common errors in the management of savings, and what strategies do you recommend to avoid them?
There are mainly two most common and at the same time more serious errors: the first is to get involved by Media news And betray your time horizon With continuous changes of wallet, confusing a strategic allocation with a tactical strategy, in practice by “chasing” the news, positioning itself at events already happened. Another mistake concerns the generic feeling of little trust who has the saver in professional which manages the wallet, and the suspicion that the cost of the service is the cause of low or null returns in certain phases of the market. Avoiding these errors maximum reduces the possibility of being in unpleasant situations. The best strategy is not to look at your investments every day, especially if a multi -year time horizon has been agreed.
Avoid riding on the news of the moment may seem counterintuitive, but in reality it is the best strategy. It is necessary to remember that every situation that appears attractive on two feet could change very quickly. As a result, exposure on a single sector may not give us time to change address if things suddenly should be hurt. To put it with a joke, if you chase the fashion of the moment and, above all, if you do not diversify, only disasters are made!
In an uncertain global context, marked by geopolitical tensions and climate change, what financial trends do they seem most relevant to savers and small investors?
The market has an extraordinary ability to adapt to any context. In the recent past, not even Covid-19 pandemic has been able to unhinge the trust in the growth and resilience of the markets. Certainly when great shocks happen, operators must be given time to reposition themselves, especially when they are precisely the supranational regulatory bodies, however in a context of globalization and competition does not spend much time before the offer is admitted to a new question or that the market share of a company in difficulty is not immediately occupied by another. You do not fall into the error of temporarize In entering the market thinking of giving the right moment, in this or that sector: just diversify to protect yourself from unpredictable events.
For those who want to start investing in shares, what are the fundamental steps to follow? What tools do you recommend to orient yourself, and how can you define a strategy consistent with your goals?
Undoubtedly, those who are approaching the stock sector should absolutely avoid focusing on individual titles. We should reduce the risk with a strategy of Capital accumulation plan (PAC) On multiple unrelated sectors or prefer step mechanisms in typical patrimonial management.
With the CAPs we go on the safe side, because those who want to start investing in shares must first of all become familiar with market fluctuations. The PACs allow you to greatly lower the degree of risk, even avoiding market timing because, beyond generic forecasts, nobody really knows exactly when, and exactly how much, the markets will go up or go down. So entering a PAC with a predetermined figure every month, for an initial period, can be the best way to approach the market.
How to evaluate whether a supplementary pension plan is really suitable for your profile and future prospects? Are there signals or indicators to keep an eye on?
The complementary social security is increasingly encouraged by the legislator, the main reasons are the inexorable decline of public institutions such as INPS or professional coffers and the aging of the population. The pension funds of almost all banks and insurance companies essentially replicate the legislation of the legislator, diversifying each other more for the investment lines and management costs. In choosing the line, it is necessary to make sure it is mainly or totally share for i early years contribution and then five years after retirement reduce share exposure up to zero about one year after retirement. The share to be included in the fund should take into account even if the saver is employee or freelancer in regime ordinarybecause the tax advantages can significantly affect the formation of the upright.
Let’s take an example: if I miss thirty years to retire, I will have to choose a 100% share line. If, on the other hand, I had to opt for a bond line I would go to seriously damage my future upright.
I add that in general, relating to the costs of complementary pension, those of the banks they are usually lower than those of insurance.
An example of those tax advantages mentioned?
With regard to pension funds, the State guarantees one deduction Of 5,164.57 euros For those employee and for those in ordinary regime. The pension fund can therefore also be used as investmentas well as as a form of social security, since the state immediately returns a good percentage of what is paid.
Online trading is increasingly fashionable thanks to the spread of apps, but what are the risks?
The online trading activity does not fall within the field of investments, but in those of the gambling or mere speculation. The serious risk is to let yourself be possessed by the greed, meeting the consequences of the case. Today at least 85% of those who work on trading platforms are destined to lose up to 100% of their capital, a nefarious and almost impossible result with traditional investments.
